Wind-solar hybrid transformation of Spanish communication base stations

What is a hybrid energy system?

• Hybrid systems provide a pathway to a cleaner energy transition. Integrating renewable sources with low-carbon backup options, like battery (BT) storage or cleaner fossil fuel technologies, can help balance energy supply and demand while gradually reducing dependence on fossil fuels .

How can a hybrid energy system improve grid stability?

By incorporating hybrid systems with energy storage capabilities, these fluctuations can be better managed, and surplus energy can be injected into the grid during peak demand periods. This not only enhances grid stability but also reduces grid congestion, enabling a smoother integration of renewable energy into existing energy infrastructures.

Why are hybrid energy systems more expensive than single-source systems?

Hybrid systems may have higher initial investment costs compared to single-source systems. The variability of renewable energy can affect the predictability of returns on investment. Some technologies in HRES might not be mature, leading to economic uncertainties.

Do hybrid solar PV-wind systems reduce environmental impacts?

At the household level, hybrid solar PV-wind systems with storage demonstrated a reduction of 17–40 % in environmental impacts compared to equivalent stand-alone installations per kWh generated. Notably, batteries were identified as a significant environmental concern, contributing up to 88 % of the life cycle impacts of a home energy system.

How does hybridization improve energy availability?

• Hybridization improves energy availability: many regions experience seasonal variations in renewable energy generation due to weather patterns. Hybrid systems that integrate different sources can provide a more consistent energy supply throughout the year, helping to meet continuous energy demands .

What is a solar & wind energy optimization algorithm?

• Optimization algorithms: computational algorithms can be employed to determine the optimal mix of solar and wind resources for a given location and time, factoring in variables like weather conditions, electricity demand, and storage capacity .