North American Energy Storage Power Station System

What is an energy storage system?

An energy storage system (ESS) for electricity generation uses electricity (or some other energy source, such as solar-thermal energy) to charge an energy storage system or device, which is discharged to supply (generate) electricity when needed at desired levels and quality. ESSs provide a variety of services to support electric power grids.

How big is battery energy storage in North America?

Over the last few years, battery energy storage has grown significantly across North America. In 2014, utility-scale battery storage capacity in North America was approximately 214 MWs. By 2019, this amount increased to 899 MWs. This growth is expected to continue with utility scale storage levels reaching 3,500 MWs by 2023.

What are the emerging technologies in electric energy storage?

Two emerging technologies in electric energy storage are: Lithium-Ion and Flow Batteries as described in this report; these two electrochemical technologies offer a more robust and adaptable energy grid, as shown in Figure I.2.

Which states have battery storage facilities under construction?

The top four states that have operating or facilities under construction are California, Illinois, West Virginia, and Texas; these four states make up over half of the total installed battery storage in the United States, as shown in Figure I.4. Figure I.5 shows an electric power profile with its variations during a 24-hour period.

Which chemical energy storage technologies can be used for power-to-gas energy storage?

Common chemicals investigated for their potential to store energy for the power sector include: hydrogen, methane, and ammonia. This paper focuses on hydrogen for power-to-gas chemical energy storage technologies as it is the most prominent choice for chemical energy storage and is currently receiving the most investment.

What is the power capacity of a battery energy storage system?

As of the end of 2022, the total nameplate power capacity of operational utility-scale battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in the United States was 8,842 MW and the total energy capacity was 11,105 MWh. Most of the BESS power capacity that was operational in 2022 was installed after 2014, and about 4,807 MW was installed in 2022 alone.